Since their initial formulation in the 1980s calcium phosphate cements cpcs have been increasingly used as bone substitutes this article provides an overview on the chemistry kinetics of setting and handling properties setting time cohesion and injectability of cpcs for bone substitution with a focus on their mechanical properties. This can cause an increase in bone loss trauma to the surrounding tissue and longer surgical time a convenient alternative to harden bone filling materials are injectable bone substitutes ibs in this article recent progress in the development and application of calcium phosphate cp based composites use as ibs is reviewed. Calcium phosphate materials bone substitution on amazoncom free shipping on qualifying offers calcium phosphate materials bone substitution. While amorphous calcium phosphate acp a likely precursor for the formation of bone mineral has never been directly observed in mature bone there is often a significant substitution of po 4 3 by hpo 4 2 in the mature bone which is a remainder of a transformation via acp and octacalcium phosphate ocp precursors during the